How is transformer efficiency calculated?

Transformer efficiency is calculated by taking the ratio of the output power to the input power. This is expressed as a percentage to determine how effectively the transformer converts input electrical energy into output electrical energy. The formula for efficiency can be represented as:

Efficiency (%) = (Power out / Power in) × 100

This indicates how much of the input energy is successfully transformed into usable output, which is crucial in assessing the performance of a transformer. A high efficiency value means that a smaller portion of energy is lost, typically due to resistive losses in the windings or magnetic losses in the core. Therefore, focusing on the ratio of power out to power in enables us to accurately assess the effectiveness of the transformer in transferring electrical energy.